1.  Discuss:

    a.  Engine operating limitations

        Refer to the last page for a “tear-off” reference sheet to carry on person.     Training to be geeks aren’t we.

2.  Demonstrate:

    a.  No flap approach/landing

        The no flap (NF) approach begins at the 180 abeam your intended point of landing.  This maneuver is very similar to the FF landing.  It consists of a 180 degree descending turn to final and ends wings level on airspeed and altitude to commence the landing transition.  Establish yourself on runway centerline and make final airspeed/altitude adjustments; transitioning to the landing attitude (cowl seam just below the horizon); and touching down at the intended point of landing.

        1)  You are established on downwind, 100 kts, at pattern altitude,
¾ wing tip distance (WTD), and your landing checklist is complete down to flaps.

        2)  POWER.  Approximately 15 degrees prior to the 180 position, reduce power to 275 ft-lbs.

        3)  FLAPS.  Not required.

        4)  TRIM.  Trim left and up for the power reduction.  Then a little right as airspeed bleeds off.

        5)  TURN.  At the 180, lower the nose to the 95 kt approach attitude and smoothly turn toward the 90 degree position.  Remember:  you’ll need a steeper AOB than was required for a full-flap approach.

        6)  TALK.

        CH 2 “NORTH TOWER, 6E123, 180, GEAR DOWN AND LOCKED, DUAL, FULL STOP”
OR
        CH X “(side #), 180, GEAR DOWN AND LOCKED”
 
        7)  Continue trimming as airspeed continues to bleed off.

        8)  TALK.

        ICS “GEAR DOWN, FLAPS UP, LANDING CHECKLIST COMPLETE”

        9)  Vary the AOB and power as necessary to arrive at a proper 90 degree position; 95 kts, 400 AGL, perpendicular to the runway.  Compared to the FF landing, you’ll probably have to reduce power sooner here.  Remember, control airspeed with nose attitude and rate of descent with power.  This is the most important checkpoint in the pattern.

       10)  Intercept the extended centerline with 95 kts, and deep enough to have 1200-1500 ft of straight-away and 100-150 AGL, wings level (as you roll level there will be an increase in lift, thus compensate).

       11)  Check the wheels watch for paddle indications and report:

       ICS “GEAR DOWN, PADDLES CHECKED”

       12)  Maintain pitch attitude while making a slight power reduction.  Scan the entire runway for a fouled deck.  DO NOT fixate on the intended point of landing.

       13)  Gradually decelerate (DO NOT slow below 90 kts until commencing the landing transition).

       14)  Slowly reduce the PCL towards idle.

       15)  Coordinate gradual backstick pressure to land smoothly on the main mounts in a nose high attitude.

       16)  Full stop - use beta and brakes until at a safe taxi speed.

       TOUCH-AND-GO PROCEDURES AT NOLF:

       17)  As soon as the nosewheel touches the deck, the “go” procedures begin.

       18)  Increase power to max (even above 1,015 initially until airborne) adding right rudder as the engine begins to spool up.

       19)  Smoothly raise the nose up to the takeoff attitude (nose cowl just below the horizon).

       20)  Plan to lift off at the normal runway length vice sooner because your flaps are up.

       21)  As soon as you are airborne transition to a 100 kt climb using PAT.  Reduce the power to 1,015 ft-lbs if it’s not already there.

       22)  Continue to climb holding 100 kts and runway heading.  Your next checkpoint is at 300 AGL.

       23)  Maintain this airspeed throughout the climb to pattern altitude

       24)  Begin the crosswind turn when your airspeed is 100 kts, you are above 300 AGL, and you are #1 upwind (acft ahead of you raises gear, simulates a LAPL(P), or has begun his crosswind turn).  Make sure you have proper interval with any other aircraft.  With these conditions met, call:

       CH X “(side #), CROSSWIND, TOUCH-AND-GO”

       25)  With clearance, roll into a climbing turn using no more than a 30 degree AOB (gear is down).

       26)  50 feet prior to reaching pattern altitude (750 AGL), reduce power to 500-550 ft-lbs and simultaneously lower the nose to the 100 kt attitude.  Leveloff at pattern altitude and retrim.

       27)  Adjust your AOB to arrive downwind ¾ WTD from duty runway.  The rollout may occur before, during, or after the leveloff.

       29)  Go through the landing checklist again and continue with the next approach.  You should be using the same ground track with each landing.

3.  Introduce:

    a.  ATS
    b.  No flap approach/landing

4.  Practice:

    a.  Ground procedures
    b.  Takeoff/departure
    c.  Course rules/COMM/IFF
    d.  TP
    e.  LSC
    f.  POS
    g.  OFE
    h.  Landing pattern
    i.  Full flap landings
    j.  Waveoff
    k.  OFD
    l.  HFE

5.  Optional

    a.  GPU Start
 
 
 

T-34C Operating Limitations
MAX ITT (deg C)
starting: 1090 or 925 for 2 seconds
acceleration: 825 for 2 seconds
takeoff: 695       continuous: 695
normal:  400-695   idle: max 660

MAX TORQUE (ft-lbs)
NATOPS:  1015      rated:  1315
idle:    150 (approx)
normal:  400-1015
max endurance:  420
max range:      580

N1 (%)
every 10 C below -30 C reduce max N1 by 2.2%
normal:  89-93 (increase with alt to 101.5%)
max normal/continuous/takeoff:  101.5%
max acceleration:  102.6% for 2 seconds

N2 PROP RPM LIMITS
normal:   1800-2200
max RPM:  2200 (+/- 25)

OIL TEMP (deg C)
min start:  -40 idle:    10-99
max:        100  normal:  10-99

OIL PRESSURE (psi)
min idle:  40
normal:    65-80
max:       100
cold ambient temp:  80-100 but must be 65-80
                    for takeoff

AEROBATIC FLIGHT (seconds)
inverted:                      15
vertical, nose up:             15
vertical flight, nose down:    3
level flight, wings vertical:  3
max zero G flight time:    Transient only

AIRSPEED LIMITS (KIAS)
surf-20000 (MSL):   280
20000-25000 (MSL):  245
smooth air:     clean 280 dirty 120
turbulent air:  clean 195 dirty 120
gear extend:  150  gear retract:  120
flap extend:  120  flap retract:  120

CANOPY LIMITS (KIAS)
max open:            240
max emergency open:  250

ALTITUDE LIMITATIONS
ceiling:  25000 ft
Max sink rate at ground contact:  600 FPM

ELECTRICAL SYSTEM
battery:    24 Vdc/24 amp/hr
generator:  30 Vdc/200 amp
starter:    28 Vdc/800 amp

ACCELERATION LIMITS
+4.5g’s up to 280 KIAS; -2.3g’s up to 220 KIAS; and decreasing to -1.0 at 280 KIAS

with flaps down, +2g’s and -1.0g

TIRE PRESSURE (psi)
nosewheel:   70 +/-2
main wheel:  90 +/-2

GROSS WEIGHT (lbs)
max ramp:             4425 (425 lbs/side)
max zero fuel wt:     3650
max takeoff/landing:  4400 (410 lbs/side)
max aerobatic wt:     4300 (360 lbs/side)
max touch-and-go wt:  4300 (360 lbs/side)

STARTER LIMITS
Limited operating period of 40 sec on, then 60 sec off for 2 start attempts.  On the 3rd attempt it is 40 sec on 30 min off.

PROHIBITED MANEUVERS
1.  Night formation flights
2.  Inverted flight above 220 KIAS
3.  Intentional spins with flaps and/or gear
4.  Intentional inverted spins
5.  Intentional spins with the prop feathered
6.  Inverted stall maneuvers

AIRSTART ENVELOPE (MSL)
surf to 20000 ft between 80 & 280 KIAS

MAX TAKEOFF AND LANDING CROSSWINDS
FF 15 kts NF 22 kts

BAILOUT ALTITUDES (AGL)
Day VMC:  1200  Night VMC:  2000
Day IMC:  2000  Night IMC:  2000
OCF:      5000

ENGINE @IDLE  @FULL PWR
ITT  660 max  400-695 C
Torque  150 ft-lbs 1015 ft-lbs
Prop RPM < 1800 rpm 2200 rpm
Fuel flow 125 pph  335 pph
Oil Temp 10-99 C  10-99 C
Oil Pressure 40 psi min 65-80 psi
N1  62-65 %  89-93 % inc
                              with inc alt
                              to 101.5____

MISCELLANEOUS
O2 cylinder has 76 ft3 at 1850 psi
O2 high pressure relief disk @ 2775 psi

Prop overspeed governor starts @ 2332 rpm
Fuel topping @:  2398 rpm
Torque limiter:  550 shp

Prop diameter:  7’6”      Wingspan:   33’5”
Length:         28’8”     Height:     9’11”

REDUCTION RATIOS
reduction gear ratio:  15:1 (2 stage)
compression ratio:     7:1
     3 stage axial, 1 stage centrifugal

COMM/NAV RANGES
UHF 50, VOR 120, TACAN 290

GENERATOR WARNINGS
generator ctrl panel regulates from 27-29.5V
overvoltage protection @ 34V & 25V rev cur
generator annunciator light @ 25-27.5V